"Eu mato": The Linguistic and Religious Rewriting of the Tupí under Portuguese Missionary Rule (1555-1630)
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.25071/1925-5624.40413Résumé
Résumé : Dans cet article, l’auteure analyse la relation entre les grammaires des missionnaires portugais, les relations empire-autochtones et la résistance des Tupis entre 1555 et 1630. L’étude est axée sur la célèbre grammaire de José de Anchieta, Arte de gramática de língua mais usada na costa do brasil (1555) et celle de Luís Figueira, Arte da Língua Brasílica (1621). Il ressort que les priorités changeantes de ces textes représentent les valeurs de l’ordre des Jésuites et les intérêts du Portugal au nouveau monde. Effectivement, les missionnaires portugais ont évolué : ils ont d’abord mis l’accent sur le commerce et la conversion chrétienne avec une culture orale exclusivement, puis ont adopté une campagne plus agressive et insidieuse d’anéantissement culturel et linguistique dans la région. Si ce sont les changements au niveau des phonèmes, des morphèmes et de la syntaxe de la langue tupi d’une grammaire à l’autre qui étaient sujet d’étude, ce travail s’attarde, lui, sur les changements historiques pertinents entre les ouvrages, la relation construite entre les Portugais et les Tupis et les changements au niveau des emphases lexicales.
Mots clés : traduction coloniale; grammaires; missionnaires jésuites; anéantissement culturel; Tupi-Guarani
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